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<ref> Reference Item

One item in a bibliographic list, typically a citation describing a referenced work.

Usage/Remarks

This element usually contains a citation of some sort, such as a cited standard (<std>) or a cited book or journal article (<mixed-citation> or <element-citation>).
Attributes
content-type
specific-use

Base Attributes

id
xml:base
xml:lang
Models and Context
May be contained in
<ref-list>
Description
The following, in order:
Content Model
<!ELEMENT  ref          %ref-model;                                  >
Expanded Content Model

((editing-instruction)*, label?, (citation-alternatives | element-citation | mixed-citation | std | non-normative-note | normative-note | non-normative-example | normative-example | notes-group)+)

Tagged Samples
Within “Normative references” section 
...
<body>
 ...
 <sec sec-type="norm-refs" id="s2">
  <label>2</label>
  <title>Normative references</title>
  <p>The following referenced documents are indispensable 
   for the application of ...</p>
  <ref-list>
   <ref>
    <std type="undated" std-id="iso:std:iso:9001"
     ><std-ref>ISO 9001</std-ref>, 
     <title>Quality management systems &mdash; 
      Requirements</title></std>
   </ref>
   <ref>
    <std type="undated" std-id="iso-iec:std:iso-iec:15415"
     ><std-ref>ISO/IEC 15415</std-ref>, 
     <title>Information technology &mdash; Automatic identification 
      and data capture techniques &mdash; Bar code print quality 
      test specification &mdash; Two-dimensional symbols</title></std>
   </ref>
   ...
  </ref-list>
 </sec>
 ...
</body>
...
Within named Bibliography 
...
<back>
 ...
 <ref-list>
  <title>Bibliography</title>
  <ref id="bibr1">
   <label>[1]</label>
   <mixed-citation>ISO Guide 82, <source>Guidelines for 
    addressing sustainability in standards</source></mixed-citation>
  </ref>
  <ref id="bibr2">
   <label>2</label>
   <std type="undated" std-id="iso:std:iso:9241-11"
    ><std-ref>ISO 9241-11</std-ref>, 
    <title>Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual 
     display terminals (VDTs) &mdash; Part 11: Guidance on 
     usability</title></std>
  </ref>
  ...
 </ref-list>
</back>
...
Bibliographic reference for journal 
...
<ref-list>
 <title>Bibliography</title>
 ...
 <ref id="ref_4">
  <label>4</label>
  <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"
   ><person-group
    ><string-name><surname>Hadorn</surname>,  
     <given-names>H.</given-names></string-name>, 
    <string-name><surname>Z&uuml;rchner</surname>,  
     <given-names>K</given-names></string-name></person-group>. 
   <source>Dtsch. Lebensmitt. Rundsch</source>. 
   <year iso-8601-date="1974">1974</year>, 
   <volume>70</volume> p. <fpage>57</fpage></mixed-citation>
 </ref>
 ...
</ref-list>
...
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