◇◆

<etal> Et Al. (in a citation)

Indicator of the presence of unnamed contributors. Typically indicated in print with the text “et al.” or with an ellipsis.

Usage/Remarks

Many XML tag sets model this as an EMPTY element, typically used to generate the text “et al.” from a stylesheet. However, a few tag sets expect content for this element, with such text as “Associates, coworkers, and colleagues”. The NISO STS model allows both forms.
Attributes
specific-use

Base Attributes

id
xml:base
xml:lang
Models and Context
May be contained in
<element-citation>, <mixed-citation>, <person-group>, <related-article>, <related-object>
Description
Text, numbers, or special characters, zero or more
Content Model
<!ELEMENT  etal         %etal-model;                                 >
Expanded Content Model

(#PCDATA)*

Tagged Sample

In a citation

...
<ref>
 <label>...</label>
 <mixed-citation publication-type="paper"
  ><person-group
   ><string-name><surname>Kowitz</surname> 
    <given-names>G.T.</given-names></string-name> 
   <etal>et al.</etal></person-group> 
  <article-title>From ERIC source documents to abstracts:  
   A problem in readability</article-title> Presented at the 
  <conf-name>Rocky Mountain Education Research 
   Association</conf-name>, <conf-loc>Tucson, AZ</conf-loc>,
  <conf-date iso-8601-date="1973-11-29">November 29, 1973</conf-date>. 
  <pub-id>ED0086243</pub-id>.</mixed-citation>
</ref>
...